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When we think about upholstery fabric, the focus often centres on aesthetics, comfort, and style. However, beneath the surface of some sofas and chairs lies a hidden danger: toxic chemicals in upholstery fabric. These substances can pose risks to both our health and the environment.
Some upholstery fabrics are treated with a variety of chemicals during manufacturing to enhance their durability. Though these treatments might aim to improve stain resistance, flame resistance, or durability, the chemicals used to achieve these features can be harmful.
Here are some common toxic chemicals found in upholstery fabrics:
Flame Retardants: Added to reduce flammability, these chemicals can off-gas into the air or cling to dust particles in your home.
Stain-Resistant Treatments: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), also known as “forever chemicals,” are often used to repel water and stains.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): VOCs are chemicals that can be found in fabrics and can evaporate into the air at room temperature
Formaldehyde: Formaldehyde is a well known toxin that has historically caused birth defects. To this day, formaldehyde is used during the dying process in fabrics.
Anti-microbials: Added to slow down the growth of bacteria or mould, these chemicals can disrupt human immune systems.
Exposure to toxic chemicals in upholstery can have a range of short-term and long-term health effects.
While the specific impact depends on the chemical and level of exposure, common risks include:
Children and pregnant individuals are particularly vulnerable to these effects due to their developing systems and higher sensitivity to toxins.
Beyond personal health risks, the chemicals in upholstery fabrics have an environmental impact.
During the production process, untreated waste and chemical runoff can pollute water and soil. Once disposed of, furniture containing these toxic substances often end up in landfills, where the chemicals can further harm our environment and wildlife.
Some chemicals, like PFAS, have a long lifespan and can remain in the environment for decades. These “forever chemicals” accumulate in wildlife and ecosystems, disrupting natural processes and entering the food chain.
Recognizing toxic chemicals in upholstery can be challenging, as they are often invisible and odourless. However, here are a few strategies to minimise your exposure:
Check Labels: Look for certifications like Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS), OEKO-TEX Standard 100, or Greenguard that indicate lower chemical use.
Ask Questions: Inquire with manufacturers about their materials and treatments. Companies should provide details about their fabrics for transparency.
Smell Test: A strong chemical odour from new furniture may signal the presence of VOCs or other harmful substances.
Research Brands: Some companies specialise in eco-friendly, non-toxic furniture and fabrics.
Fortunately, awareness of chemical toxicity has spurred innovation in safer materials and treatments. Here are some alternatives to consider when shopping for upholstered furniture:
Natural Fabrics: Materials like organic cotton, linen, wool, or hemp are less likely to contain harmful treatments.
Low-VOC Adhesives and Finishes: Choose products labelled as low- or zero-VOC.
Eco-Friendly Flame Retardants: Some newer products use safer flame-retardant chemicals or rely on naturally fire-resistant materials, like wool.
Stain Resistance Without PFAS: Seek brands that offer stain protection using safer, biodegradable alternatives.
If replacing your furniture isn’t an option, there are steps you can take to minimise exposure to existing toxic chemicals:
In recent years, increasing attention to the health risks of toxic chemicals has led to regulatory changes. The European Union’s REACH regulation restricts the use of hazardous substances in textiles and furniture.
However, measures are not universally applied, and loopholes remain. Advocacy and consumer demand for safer products are critical drivers of change. Cheaper products that are mass produced in other parts of the world can include a variety of toxic chemicals.
By choosing non-toxic options and supporting companies committed to sustainability, consumers can push the market toward healthier practices.
At South West Upholstery, we’re committed to our mission for sustainability and using healthy fabrics.
We’re aware of how our work can impact our environment and we’re making great strides in building a better future for our families and surroundings. Read more about the actions we’re taking to improve our environmental impact.
